Sleep stages can be identified by the appearance of characteristic electrical patterns on EEG. Sleep can initially be broken down into REM-sleep and non-REM sleep, with further parcelization of non-REM sleep into... Read more »
The facial colliculi sit on the dorsal aspect of the pons, forming part of the floor of the fourth ventricle. Both facial colliculi are highlighted in the image below. Read more »
Dysautonomia occurs in about a quarter (10% to 35%) of traumatic brain injury patients. TBI dysautonomia is characterized by a varible combination of signs ymptoms including tachycardia, hypertension (or hypotension), muscle rigidity, extensor posturing,... Read more »
A form of trans-cortical motor aphasia (TCMA), Supplementary Motor Area aphasia can occur in strokes of the Anterior Cerebral Artery (ACA) on the dominant hemisphere. Read more »
These are topics that are often covered and tested in early medical neurobiology courses. They require an understanding of specific neuro-anatomical and systems concepts, while at the same time have clinical relevance. Read more »
The study of neurobiology covers a wide range of topics and disciplines, from neuroanatomy, to biophysics and electrophysiology, and systems biology. Each discipline has its own practices, but they combine to provide... Read more »
Brief review of the clinical pharmacology of acetylcholine, acetylcholinesterase and the ach receptor. Read more »
A summary of high yield clinical topics related to acetylcholine chemistry and acetylcholine receptors. Read more »
Acetylcholine is one of the major neurotransmitters in the mammalian nervous system, found at all neuromuscular junctions, at all synapses in autonomic ganglia, at a variety of locations in the CNS and... Read more »
The Nernst equation describes the voltage across a cell membrane at which there would be no net flow of a particular ion (assuming there are ion channels that passed that ion). This... Read more »