Neurological Infections - DocNeuro

Neurosyphilis

Dipika Oberoi MD — Fri, 29 Mar 2013 12:20:54 +0000

Syphilis, a sexually transmitted infection caused by the spirochete Treponema pallidum has recently been re-emerging in the general population. Central nervous system involvement by this infection is referred to as neurosyphilis. Neurosyphilis encompasses a spectrum of CNS manifestations and can present at various times after the initial infection. Early neurosyphilis can be asymptomatic or present with meningitis, […]

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Mastoiditis

Jeffrey Waggoner MD — Fri, 15 Mar 2013 21:55:03 +0000

There was a time when acute mastoiditis was the most common complication of otitis media (AOM). With the advent of antibiotics, this complication has become relatively rare. It is of interest that at a time when the use of antibiotics for all cases of otitis media is being questioned, the members of the ENT community […]

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Lyme Disease

Jeffrey Waggoner MD — Fri, 15 Mar 2013 21:00:34 +0000

Lyme disease is caused by the spirochete, Borrelia burgdorferi. The complete syndrome is actually a manifestation of the infection and the body’s immune reaction to it. The pathogen is transmitted from host to host by the Ixodes or deer tick. The tick is born as a larval tick in the summer and feeds only once, […]

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Discitis/Osteomyelitis with Epidural Phlegmon

Christopher Buckle MD — Thu, 21 Feb 2013 18:17:01 +0000

Epidural abscess is a rare condition affecting about 2 in 10,000 patients. Spinal infection typically starts in the disc (discitis), which is seeded through hematogenous dissemination of infection, typically staph aureus and often in drug users. Diagnosis: Discitis/Osteomyelitis with epidural phlegmon Figure 1: (a, red arrow) T1 sagittal images of the cervical spine demonstrate low […]

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Brain Abscess

Christopher Buckle MD — Thu, 21 Feb 2013 18:09:12 +0000

Abscess is in the differential for a rim enhancing mass, an important one in neuroradiology and often remembered by the mnemonic MAGIC DR – metastasis, abscess, glioma, infarct, contusion, demyelination and radiation necrosis. Diagnosis: Intraparenchymal brain abscess Figure 1: (a) right medial temporal lobe mass has high T2 signal centrally (red arrow) and a low […]

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Herpes Encephalitis

Christopher Buckle MD — Sat, 16 Feb 2013 22:46:23 +0000

Herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) is a prevalent virus with an affinity for the nervous system. Reactivation of the virus within the brain parenchyma either directly or through retrograde spread along the cranial nerves (especially trigeminal and olfactory) can result in a severe encephalitis that is universally fatal without early treatment. In fact, HSV […]

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Ramsay Hunt Syndrome

Dipika Oberoi MD — Mon, 31 Dec 2012 00:17:06 +0000

Herpes zoster oticus, or Ramsay Hunt Syndrome, is a polyneuropathy secondary to reactivation of latent varicella zoster virus in and around the ear. Clinical features of Ramsay Hunt Syndrome Ear pain Vesicles followed by an erythematous vesicular rash over the external ear/auditory canal Ipsilateral facial paralysis (loss of the nasolabial fold, dropping of the corner […]

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Septic Emboli

Christopher Buckle MD — Mon, 20 Aug 2012 14:53:34 +0000

There is an extensive differential for multifocal T2/FlAIR hyperintense lesions in the brain parenchyma including neoplasm (metastasis, lymphoma), infection (abscess, septic emboli), infarct (vasculitis), trauma (diffuse axonal injury) and demyelinating disease (multiple sclerosis). The peripheral distribution at the grey white junction follows regions of greatest blood flow within the brain suggesting a systemic origin like […]

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